Foster, Steven, ad Rebecca L Johnson. . National Geographic Desk Reference to
Nature's Medicine. National Geographic, 2006.
This book is a guide to medicinal plants, including 150 of the most popular plants and herbs used as dietary supplements, including ephedra. The book presents extensive information on the history, culture, folklore and science of herbal medicine, including ephedra and other dietary supplements such as ginkgo and peppermint. The book provides excellent information on current research and therapeutic uses of these drugs.
This is an excellent source of scientific as well as traditional knowledge on ephedra. It provides a good description of the drug, its habitat, cultivation and preparation, research, plus caution alerts. There are color photographs, botanical illustrations, and interacting fats about biology and healing properties.
Griffith, H. Winter. The AARP Guide to Pills. Sterling:AARP, 2006.
This is an excellent guide to more than 1,200 prescription and nonprescription medications, including generics, on the market today. The book is written for the layperson, so is easy to understand and is an excellent source of information on pills. It has a cross referencing section that makes it possible to correlate information about ephedra with other diet supplement drugs.
This book provides information for the person using medications, not for scientists and researchers. Although the information presented is in easy-to-understand language, that is an advantage from my point of view, because I am not a scientist. The book provides information on side effects, plus results of research. Since drugs change every year, the 2006 edition is an up-to-date source on all the drugs it covers.
Harrison, Todd. "Ephedra: the Real Story.(INDUSTRY NEWS)." Nutraceuticals
World 9.9 (Oct 2006): 24-25. InfoTrac OneFile. Thomson Gale. Denver Public Library. 10 July 2007
This article provides information from both sides of the ephedra debate, but it supports the decision to ban ephedra handed down by the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit handed in Nutraceuticals Corp., et al. v.Andrew von Eschenbach, et al. The article explains specifically how Nutraceuticals Corp. and Solaray had been able to limit the FDA's ban on ephedra in dietary supplements through decisions by lower courts. Their argument was that the FDA does not have the authority to declare a dietary ingredient unsafe, for various reasons that were argued in court.
This is an excellent article for examining the details of the legal arguments presented for and against the banning of ephedra. It finishes with an explanation of where this debate stood near the end of 2006. This article is an important source of the legal information regarding this herb. Saturday Evening Post
Zipes, Douglas Dr. "Ban Ephedra: a call to action" Saturday Evening Post 279.3 (May-
June 2007): 100(1). InfoTrac OneFile. Thomson Gale. Denver Public Library. 10 July 2007
.
This article is a call to action to continue the ban on ephedra. It explains in lay language why the herb is considered dangerous: it is an amphetamine-like compound that increases heart rate and blood pressure sometimes causing death. The article explains that beginning in December of 2007, there will be product labels on dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs that will list a telephone number consumers can call if they experience serious adverse reactions to the drug. The information will be reported to the FDA. This is an improvement over the prior voluntary reporting program.
This article is written by a noted cardiologist, so it has credibility. A cardiologist would have experience in and knowledge of the effect of ephedra on the heart.
Brody, Jane E. Weight-Loss Drugs: Hoopla and Hype. New York Times, (24 April
2007).
This article explains that there is considerable skepticism about dietary supplement advertisements that promise 10-pound losses over one single weekend. Such claims are being published in leading magazines and newspapers, on television infomercials and the Web. Over $1 million a year is spent by the public on dietary supplements for weight loss. The article gives the history on the regulation of weight loss supplements, including ephedra. It explains the reasons for the ban on ephedra, and supports that ban through the testimonial of physicians.
This is an excellent source for information on ephedra as well as other dietary supplements. The New York Times is known for objective reporting. Its information is expensively fact-checked, so the reader can be reasonable sure that the information presented is correct.
Ephedra.com. 2007. 9 July 2007..
This website is sponsored by ephedra manufacturers, so it presents the case in favor of the substance. The website explains that ephedra is currently banned in the Untied States, and the Supreme Court refused not to consider a manufacturers appeal of the ban. The website has a number of links of ephedra issues. There is an ephedra laws page for information on how the substance became illegal, plus a link to Help Save Ephedra, The site explains that ephedra is the world's oldest medicine. It was discovered by the Chinese more than 5,000 years ago. It has been shown to increase metabolism and help promote weight loss. It also promote perspiration to help a person recover from a minor cold. According to the site, ephedra promotes the loss of fat while sparing lean muscle tissue.
This website does not present the argument against ephedra, since its entire purpose is to reverse the ban on the substance. IT is therefore not a source of objective information. However, it would be a good source for research the other side of the ephedra ban.
FDA Announces Plans to Prohibit Sales of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra.
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (July 1, 2003) 8 July 2007..
This article explains that consumers were advised to stop buying and using the dietary supplement ephedra on December 30, 2003. The drug, also called Ma hang, is a naturally occurring substance derived from plants. The active ingredient, ephedrine, is chemically synthesized in diet supplements and regulated as a drug. It has been extensively promoted to help in weight loss, improve sports performance, and increase energy. The FDA has decided that dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury.
This article appears on the official FDA website, which has a great deal of information on Ephedra and other dietary supplements. The FDA website is a reputable source of information. The results of scientific research on this drug are presented, together with an explanation of how this research supports the FDA ban on Ephedra. The website contains facts about ephedra, including the Rand report on the substance.
"Ephedra Makers Fighting Critics of Product's Safety.(Cytodyne Technologies, World
Satellite Television News)(Brief Article)." PR Week (US) (March 3, 2003): 03. InfoTrac OneFile. Thomson Gale. Denver Public Library. 11 July 2007. 9 July 2007.
.
This article explains that ephedra received some bad publicity when diet pills containing the stimulant ephedra were found in the locker of Baltimore Orioles pitcher Steve Bechler following his death. PR teams worked hard after that incident to snuff the fire. World Satellite Television News is the other name for Cytodyne Technologies, which makes Xenadrine RFA-1 - the weight-loss supplement containing ephedra found in BEchle locker. The agency had already prepared an electronic press kit in the event of negative publicity, and it distributed this kit to the media. According to the kit, Bechler suffered from high blood pressure, and should not have been using the product in the fist place.
This article is a good source for information on how the manufacturers and PR agencies representing products containing ephedra represent their products. These people are stating that the public needs to be made aware of how to use these products correctly, and that such awareness is better than simply pulling the products form the shelves. PR agencies say ephedra has been very helpful to Americans in their battle against obesity, which is an epidemic in the U.S.
Ephedra. Wikipedia. 9 July 2007. www.wikipedia.com.
This article presents comprehensive information on the history, uses, purity, dosage, safety and regulatory actions regarding ephedra. It covers the history of the regulations against this drug, the death of Ste Bechler, the banning of ephedra, and the legal challenges. It use in sports is covered, as well as prominent cases of ephedra use.
Wikipedia is a good source for an overall view of a subject. I will not use Wikpeida as a definitive source, however. Any information I find in Wikipeida I will fact-check through other information sources. Wikipedia is good for discovering basic, information, but its information must be verified by other, more reputable sources. .
FDA White Paper on Ephedra. FDA. 29 Februray 2003. 9 July 2007.
www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/ephedra/whitepaper.html
This government document presents the evidence used to ban ephedra as unsafe. The evidence against ephedra is presented and explained, as well as the projected consequences of the ban.
This is the official FDA website, so its information can be regarded as reliable. This is the place to go for the research used to present the case for banning ephedra.
Keller, Joy. FDA: warn Clients About Diet Pills. IDEA Fitness Journal 3.3 (March
2006): p14.
This article explains that the FDA's warning about the dangers of dietary supplements should be taken seriously. Two drug products being marketed as weight loss supplements. Emagrece Sire dietary supplement, also known as the Brazilian Diet Pill, and Herbathin dietary supplement may contain active ingredients that are controlled substances found in prescription drugs.
Although this article does not discuss ephedra, it provides information on the dangers of diet supplements in general. Steven Gaslon, MD, MPH, and director of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, is quoted on the subject of dietary supplements and their dangers.
Nature's Medicine. National Geographic, 2006.
This book is a guide to medicinal plants, including 150 of the most popular plants and herbs used as dietary supplements, including ephedra. The book presents extensive information on the history, culture, folklore and science of herbal medicine, including ephedra and other dietary supplements such as ginkgo and peppermint. The book provides excellent information on current research and therapeutic uses of these drugs.
This is an excellent source of scientific as well as traditional knowledge on ephedra. It provides a good description of the drug, its habitat, cultivation and preparation, research, plus caution alerts. There are color photographs, botanical illustrations, and interacting fats about biology and healing properties.
Griffith, H. Winter. The AARP Guide to Pills. Sterling:AARP, 2006.
This is an excellent guide to more than 1,200 prescription and nonprescription medications, including generics, on the market today. The book is written for the layperson, so is easy to understand and is an excellent source of information on pills. It has a cross referencing section that makes it possible to correlate information about ephedra with other diet supplement drugs.
This book provides information for the person using medications, not for scientists and researchers. Although the information presented is in easy-to-understand language, that is an advantage from my point of view, because I am not a scientist. The book provides information on side effects, plus results of research. Since drugs change every year, the 2006 edition is an up-to-date source on all the drugs it covers.
Harrison, Todd. "Ephedra: the Real Story.(INDUSTRY NEWS)." Nutraceuticals
World 9.9 (Oct 2006): 24-25. InfoTrac OneFile. Thomson Gale. Denver Public Library. 10 July 2007
This article provides information from both sides of the ephedra debate, but it supports the decision to ban ephedra handed down by the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit handed in Nutraceuticals Corp., et al. v.Andrew von Eschenbach, et al. The article explains specifically how Nutraceuticals Corp. and Solaray had been able to limit the FDA's ban on ephedra in dietary supplements through decisions by lower courts. Their argument was that the FDA does not have the authority to declare a dietary ingredient unsafe, for various reasons that were argued in court.
This is an excellent article for examining the details of the legal arguments presented for and against the banning of ephedra. It finishes with an explanation of where this debate stood near the end of 2006. This article is an important source of the legal information regarding this herb. Saturday Evening Post
Zipes, Douglas Dr. "Ban Ephedra: a call to action" Saturday Evening Post 279.3 (May-
June 2007): 100(1). InfoTrac OneFile. Thomson Gale. Denver Public Library. 10 July 2007
This article is a call to action to continue the ban on ephedra. It explains in lay language why the herb is considered dangerous: it is an amphetamine-like compound that increases heart rate and blood pressure sometimes causing death. The article explains that beginning in December of 2007, there will be product labels on dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs that will list a telephone number consumers can call if they experience serious adverse reactions to the drug. The information will be reported to the FDA. This is an improvement over the prior voluntary reporting program.
This article is written by a noted cardiologist, so it has credibility. A cardiologist would have experience in and knowledge of the effect of ephedra on the heart.
Brody, Jane E. Weight-Loss Drugs: Hoopla and Hype. New York Times, (24 April
2007).
This article explains that there is considerable skepticism about dietary supplement advertisements that promise 10-pound losses over one single weekend. Such claims are being published in leading magazines and newspapers, on television infomercials and the Web. Over $1 million a year is spent by the public on dietary supplements for weight loss. The article gives the history on the regulation of weight loss supplements, including ephedra. It explains the reasons for the ban on ephedra, and supports that ban through the testimonial of physicians.
This is an excellent source for information on ephedra as well as other dietary supplements. The New York Times is known for objective reporting. Its information is expensively fact-checked, so the reader can be reasonable sure that the information presented is correct.
Ephedra.com. 2007. 9 July 2007.
This website is sponsored by ephedra manufacturers, so it presents the case in favor of the substance. The website explains that ephedra is currently banned in the Untied States, and the Supreme Court refused not to consider a manufacturers appeal of the ban. The website has a number of links of ephedra issues. There is an ephedra laws page for information on how the substance became illegal, plus a link to Help Save Ephedra, The site explains that ephedra is the world's oldest medicine. It was discovered by the Chinese more than 5,000 years ago. It has been shown to increase metabolism and help promote weight loss. It also promote perspiration to help a person recover from a minor cold. According to the site, ephedra promotes the loss of fat while sparing lean muscle tissue.
This website does not present the argument against ephedra, since its entire purpose is to reverse the ban on the substance. IT is therefore not a source of objective information. However, it would be a good source for research the other side of the ephedra ban.
FDA Announces Plans to Prohibit Sales of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra.
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (July 1, 2003) 8 July 2007.
This article explains that consumers were advised to stop buying and using the dietary supplement ephedra on December 30, 2003. The drug, also called Ma hang, is a naturally occurring substance derived from plants. The active ingredient, ephedrine, is chemically synthesized in diet supplements and regulated as a drug. It has been extensively promoted to help in weight loss, improve sports performance, and increase energy. The FDA has decided that dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury.
This article appears on the official FDA website, which has a great deal of information on Ephedra and other dietary supplements. The FDA website is a reputable source of information. The results of scientific research on this drug are presented, together with an explanation of how this research supports the FDA ban on Ephedra. The website contains facts about ephedra, including the Rand report on the substance.
"Ephedra Makers Fighting Critics of Product's Safety.(Cytodyne Technologies, World
Satellite Television News)(Brief Article)." PR Week (US) (March 3, 2003): 03. InfoTrac OneFile. Thomson Gale. Denver Public Library. 11 July 2007. 9 July 2007.
This article explains that ephedra received some bad publicity when diet pills containing the stimulant ephedra were found in the locker of Baltimore Orioles pitcher Steve Bechler following his death. PR teams worked hard after that incident to snuff the fire. World Satellite Television News is the other name for Cytodyne Technologies, which makes Xenadrine RFA-1 - the weight-loss supplement containing ephedra found in BEchle locker. The agency had already prepared an electronic press kit in the event of negative publicity, and it distributed this kit to the media. According to the kit, Bechler suffered from high blood pressure, and should not have been using the product in the fist place.
This article is a good source for information on how the manufacturers and PR agencies representing products containing ephedra represent their products. These people are stating that the public needs to be made aware of how to use these products correctly, and that such awareness is better than simply pulling the products form the shelves. PR agencies say ephedra has been very helpful to Americans in their battle against obesity, which is an epidemic in the U.S.
Ephedra. Wikipedia. 9 July 2007. www.wikipedia.com.
This article presents comprehensive information on the history, uses, purity, dosage, safety and regulatory actions regarding ephedra. It covers the history of the regulations against this drug, the death of Ste Bechler, the banning of ephedra, and the legal challenges. It use in sports is covered, as well as prominent cases of ephedra use.
Wikipedia is a good source for an overall view of a subject. I will not use Wikpeida as a definitive source, however. Any information I find in Wikipeida I will fact-check through other information sources. Wikipedia is good for discovering basic, information, but its information must be verified by other, more reputable sources. .
FDA White Paper on Ephedra. FDA. 29 Februray 2003. 9 July 2007.
www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/ephedra/whitepaper.html
This government document presents the evidence used to ban ephedra as unsafe. The evidence against ephedra is presented and explained, as well as the projected consequences of the ban.
This is the official FDA website, so its information can be regarded as reliable. This is the place to go for the research used to present the case for banning ephedra.
Keller, Joy. FDA: warn Clients About Diet Pills. IDEA Fitness Journal 3.3 (March
2006): p14.
This article explains that the FDA's warning about the dangers of dietary supplements should be taken seriously. Two drug products being marketed as weight loss supplements. Emagrece Sire dietary supplement, also known as the Brazilian Diet Pill, and Herbathin dietary supplement may contain active ingredients that are controlled substances found in prescription drugs.
Although this article does not discuss ephedra, it provides information on the dangers of diet supplements in general. Steven Gaslon, MD, MPH, and director of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, is quoted on the subject of dietary supplements and their dangers.
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